During the First Settlement Period 1934 – 1941 : Reza Shah hated and distrusted the nomads and their whole culture and life style. He was repelled by tribal attire and by everything about them that was not Persian* Aside from his personal aversion for nomads, the causes for the government sponsored settlement of 1934-1941 were mostly political. The autonomous nomads with

1. Settlement Period One (1934 – 1941) The first settlement period was characterized by Reza Shah’s belief that nomads were alien and disloyal to the country, his desire for a centralized government and Persianized population, his goal of modernization of Iran, and his use of force to bring this about.     2. Settlement Period Two (1941 – 1962)

In this post , various tribes (taefeha) and clans (tireha) will be identified.   The Amaleh Tribe Amaleh means “workmen.” Members of this tribe have been mostly in the service of the ruling Qashqa’i family. The members of this tribe come from various other Qashqa’i and non-Qashqa*i tribes. They are named Amaleh because they have been in the service of the

The information presented here was collected from a variety of sources, for there exists no definite recorded history. There are many theories about the name Qashqa’i. Some tribal elders believe that the name came from the Turkic word Kashqa, meaning “a horse with a white spot on its forehead.” Malek Mansur Khan, one of the present leaders of the tribe, believes

Most scholars agree that nomadism in Iran is not a new phenomenon. Peyman (1967) wrote that from the time of arrival of the Indo-Aryan race to the Iranian plateau, nomadism has existed. In later centuries, nomads from other races and other lands migrated to Iran. These migrations caused sociopolitical and economic alterations in the national fabric of society and its particular

Nomadism and tribalism are not one and the same phenomenon, although they can be related. The distinction between tribalism and nomadism has been expressed by David J. Marsden (1976:9) in The Qashqa*i of Iran, wherein he stated: To presume that all tribes are nomads and that all sedentary agriculturists are non-tribal is to confuse economic with political issues. . . .