Shiraz

First, the nomads and sedentary population complement each other in their seasonal use of land and pastures. As the Kurds, Lurs, and Bakhtiyari move out of their winter pastures in the uplands of Mesopotamia, the Arabs move in with flocks of camels and goats that can subsist on these pastures which by this time are too dry for the […]

This migratory quest for pastures indicates the central economic role of sheep and goats, the largest and most important group of animals owned by the tribesmen. Sheep and goats provide the pastoralists not only with food and wool for their own subsistence but with products for economic exchange with sedentary society. It has been suggested by Predrik Barth in his study

The Bakhtiyari are a confederation of tribes of pastoral nomads who live in the Zagros mountains in an area west of Isfahan to the plains of Khuzistan and south from Golpayegan to Ram Hormoz (31 N to 3^4- N and I4.9 E to $1 E). Their immediate neighbors to the north are the pastoral nomadic Lurs of Bala Gariveh, Pusht-e

During the First Settlement Period 1934 – 1941 This period of history is considered by the majority of the nomadic population as one of the most difficult ever experienced by the tribal people of Iran. The forced settlement left an everlasting scar on these people, for it brought the nomadic tribes to the brink of annihilation. The Turkish nomads refer to

  During the First Settlement Period 1934 – 1941 Reza Shah’s government mobilized its army, police, and gendarmes to block migration, to disarm nomads, and to break their political organization. To achieve its purpose, the government also pitted various tribal people against one another. They developed mutual hostilities and attacked each other. These hostilities continued into post forced settlement times. For example,

What were the government’s goals to be achieved by settlement of nomads in Iran ?   During the First Settlement Period 1934 – 1941 The forced settlement process during this period was planned in the name of modernization, development, political centralization, and national unification. The government wanted to replace tribal leaders and political system with its own political apparatus by killing